|
Two
Ways of Reducing Production Wastes |
-
Design for
Environment: working with process designing and production
staff to select materials and/or processes that are less
wasteful
-
Green Procurement:
working with purchasing staff to identify suppliers that
meet 'industry best practice' in cleaner production
|
|
Cleaner Production Strategies
by
Graedel and Allenby2 |
-
Eliminate residue streams that contain substances
under phase-out regulatory restrictions
-
Minimize the use of de-ionized water, the generation
of which consumes substantial amounts of energy and the use
of which generates an additional residue stream to worry
about
-
Avoid the introduction or substitution of new residue
streams requiring new discharge permits, modifications to
existing permits, or off-site disposal
-
Eliminate or minimize residue streams containing
toxic substances, especially those found on regulatory
lists
-
Redesign factory layouts
and product routings during manufacture to eliminate all
necessary cleaning steps
-
Replace processes using
organic solvents with processes using water-based solvents
-
Substitute less volatile
chemicals for more volatile chemicals in industrial
processes
-
Change processes to
eliminate the use of volatile solvents altogether
-
Attempt to reduce the
temperatures of manufacturing processes
-
Avoid using heavy metal catalysts by substituting
processes that achieve the same products by reactions
between environmentally benign chemicals
|
|
Cleaner Production Defined
By its definition, cleaner
production is a business
strategy for enhancing productivity and environmental
performance for overall socio-economic development.
Cleaner production processes
are those that produce less waste, whether in terms of liquid wastes
discharged to waterways, solid wastes going to landfill or gaseous
wastes discharged to the air. Many companies have achieved
environmental and economic benefits by implementing cleaner
production programs.
Main
Features
Although it is not
possible to totally eliminate the negative environmental impact
caused by mass production, you must strive to make it cleaner when
compared with traditional processes. A cleaner production must have
one or more features listed below4:
-
Using less
raw material,
-
Using
recycled material,
-
Using less
types of material for the ease of waste recovery,
-
Using less
packaging material,
-
Using
renewable energy,
-
Using
chlorine-free plastics and solvent,
-
Using less
energy and nature resource (including land, water and
biodiversity, etc.),
-
Generating
less waste,
-
Having
components that can be reused after disposal.
-
Causing
less noise and malodor.
Lean Manufacturing
Lean is about doing more with
less: less time, inventory, space people and money. Lean
manufacturing is, in its most basic form, the systematic
elimination of waste - overproduction, waiting, transportation,
inventory, motion, over-processing, defective units - and the
implementation of the concepts of continuous flow and customer
pull...More
Integrated Environmental and Quality Management System
(EQMS)
A recent market study in
the Netherlands initiated by The Dutch Technical Committee on
Quality Management and carried out by the Netherlands
Standardization Institute (NEN) in collaboration with Tilburg
University TIAS Business School concluded that full integration
between ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001 was possible and it was
easiest for organizations that had structured their ISO 9001
Quality Management System together with their business processes and
such integration could lead to valuable synergies.
Measuring Cleaner Production
Measuring
CP is of critical importance. You must use appropriate
indicators, which are generally applicable, yet specifically
measurable. The indicators should enable not only estimation of the
CP of a product or process and its comparison with other
equivalents, but also improvement of the existing process or product
and the development of new products.
Life
Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Total Cost Assessment (TCA) are two
types of CP indicators that help managers understand the practical
implications of GP and make right
decisions.3
Case in Point:
Shwee Shwian Food Co. (Thailand)
A cleaner production program was
implemented in the Shwee
Shwian Food Co., a medium-sized ginger factory in northern
Thailand. The
results showed that the incentive program linked to benefits
gained by the company through better control of ginger quality led
to better results than the awareness programs. The farmers could
benefit from improving the quality of their ginger, lower their
operating costs, and improve their productivity as well. Return on
investment amounted to 1,483% within the first year.
|